Source-Image(s):
Volume III source-images come from both internal and external resources (see below). Every attempt is made to maximize use of the curator's own photographic database. The rest of the source-images come from online resources and digital scans. In each case, the copyright holder’s permission was acquired and the courtesy gratefully acknowledged.
| ● Museums' Numismatic Collections Online: |
American Numismatic
Society (ANS) |
MANTIS |
New York, USA |
www.numismatics.org |
Ashmolean Museum
of Art and Archaeology |
The Heberden Coin Room |
Oxford, UK |
www.hcr.ashmus.ox.ac.uk |
Bibliothèque Nationale
de France |
Cabinet des Médailles |
Paris, France |
www.medaillesetantiques.bnf.fr |
| British Museum |
Department of Coins and
Medals |
London, UK |
www.britishmuseum.org |
| Fitzwilliam Museum |
Department of Coins and
Medals |
Cambridge, UK |
www.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk |
| Hunterian Museum |
Department of Coins and
Medals |
Glasgow, UK |
www.gla.ac.uk/hunterian |
Kunsthistorisches
Museum |
Münzkabinett |
Vienna, Austria |
www.ikmk.at |
| Museum of Fine Arts |
Department of Coins and
Medals |
Boston, USA |
www.mfa.org |
Numismatic Museum
|
Main Collection |
Athens, Greece |
www.nummus.gr |
Pushkin State Museum
of Fine Arts |
Coins & Medals Department |
Moscow, Russia |
www.coins-and-medals.ru |
Staatliche Museen zu
Berlin (Altes Museum,
Bode Museum) |
Münzkabinett |
Berlin, Germany |
www.ikmk.smb.museum |
| Staatliche Münzsammlung München |
Main Collection |
Munich, Germany |
www.staatliche-muenzsammlung.de |
Institut für Altertumskunde,
Universität zu Köln |
Münzsammlung |
Cologne, Germany |
www.muenzen.uni-koeln.de |
| ● Numismatic Auctions' Consolidated Databases Online: |
| Ancient Coins Search |
Online Numismatic Auctions' Consolidated Database |
Root, Switzerland |
www.acsearch.info |
| Coin Archives |
Online Numismatic Auctions' Consolidated Database |
Uncertain Location |
www.coinarchives.com |
| Numis Bids |
Online Numismatic Auctions' Consolidated Database |
Uncertain Location |
www.numisbids.com |
| Six Bid |
Online Numismatic Auctions' Consolidated Database |
Uncertain Location |
www.sixbid.com |
| Wild Winds |
Online Numismatic Auctions' Consolidated Database |
Uncertain Location |
www.wildwinds.com |
| ● Numismatic Shops & Auction Houses' Databases Online: |
| Artemide Aste |
Online Numismatic Shop &
Auction House's Database |
Dogana, San Marino |
www.artemideaste.com |
| Classical Numismatic Group |
Online Numismatic Shop &
Auction House's Database |
Lancaster, USA |
www.cngcoins.com |
| CGB.fr |
Online Numismatic Shop &
Auction House's Database |
Paris, France |
www.cgbfr.com |
| Forum Ancient Coins |
Online Numismatic Shop &
Auction House's Database |
Morehead City, USA |
www.forumancientcoins.com |
| VCoins |
Online Numismatic Shop & Auction House's Database |
San Antonio, USA |
www.vcoins.com |
| ● Printed Publications: |
Anson,
Leo |
1911-
1916 |
Numismata Graeca: Greek Coin-Types, Classified for Im-mediate Identification.
Volume I: Industry: Vases, Recipients, Tripods, etc., 1911;
Volume II: War: Arms, Weapons, Armours, Standards, etc., 1911;
Volume III: Agriculture: Plants and Trees, Fruits, Flowers, etc., 1912;
Volume IV: Religion: Altars, Attributes of Deities, Sacrifice, etc., 1913;
Volume V: Architecture: Buildings, Edifices, Monuments, Temples, etc.; Naval and Marine: Galley and Parts of, Shells, Trident, etc., 1914;
Volume VI: Science and the Arts: Astronomy, Sculpture, Music, Comedy, Games, etc.; Various, 1916;
Volume VII: General Guide-Index of the Six Parts of Section I (Inanimate Objects, Plants, etc.), 1911. |
|
London |
L. Anson/Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner & Co. |
Baldwin,
Agnes |
1915 |
Symbolism on Greek Coins. |
|
American Journal of Numismatics (1897-1924), Volume 49, 1915, pp. 89-194, pl. 15-20 |
BMC Celtic
|
1987-
1995 |
Catalogue of the Celtic Coins in the British Museum: With Supplementary Material from Other British Collections.
Volume I: Silver Coins of the East Celts and Balkan Peoples, 1987;
Volume II: Silver Coins of North Italy, South and Central France, Switzerland and South Germany, 1990;
Volume III: The Bronze Coins of Gaul, 1995.
(Initiated and edited by Derek Allen; Series editors/authors: John Kent and Melinda Mays). |
|
London |
British Museum |
BMC Greek
|
1873-1927 |
A Catalogue of the Greek Coins in the British Muse-um.
Volume I: Italy, 1873;
Volume II: Sicily, 1876;
Volume III: The Tauric Chersonese, Sarmatia, Dacia, Moesia, Thrace, etc., 1877;
Volume IV: The Seleucid Kings of Syria, 1878;
Volume V: Macedonia, etc., 1879;
Volume VI: Thessaly to Aetolia, 1883;
Volume VII: The Ptolemies, Kings of Egypt, 1883;
Volume VIII: Central Greece (Locris, Phocis, Boeotia, and Euboea), 1884;
Volume IX: Crete and the Aegean Islands, 1886;
Volume X: Peloponnesus (Excluding Corinth), 1887;
Volume XI: Attica-Megaris-Aegina, 1888;
Volume XII: Corinth, Colonies of Corinth, etc., 1889;
Volume XIII: Pontus, Paphlagonia, Bithynia, and the Kingdom of Bosporus, 1889;
Volume XIV: Ionia, 1892;
Volume XV: Of Alexandria and the Nomes, 1892;
Volume XVI: Mysia, 1894;
Volume XVII: Troas, Aeolis, and Lesbos, 1894;
Volume XVIII: Caria, Cos, Rhodes, etc., 1897;
Volume XIX: Lycia, Pamphylia, and Pisidia, 1897;
Volume XX: Galatia, Cappadocia, and Syria, 1898;
Volume XXI: Lycaonia, Isauria, and Cilicia, 1900;
Volume XXII: Lydia, 1901;
Volume XXIII: Cyprus, 1904;
Volume XXIV: Phrygia, 1906;
Volume XXV: Phoenicia, 1910;
Volume XXVI: Palestine (Galilee, Samaria, and Judaea), 1914;
Volume XXVII: Arabia, Mesopotamia, and Persia (Nabataea, Arabia Provincia, S. Arabia, Mesopotamia, Babylonia, Assyria, Persia, Alexandrine Empire of the East, Persis, Elymais, Characene), 1922;
Volume XXVIII: Cyrenaica, 1927.
(Initiated and edited by Reginald Stuart Poole; Series editors/authors: Percy Gardner, Barclay Vincent Head, George Francis Hill, Edward Stanley Gotch Robinson, and Warwick William Wroth; 1963-1965: Reprint edition: Arnaldo Forni Editore, Bologna). |
|
London |
British Museum |
BMC Indian
|
1884-
1936 |
A Catalogue of the Indian Coins in the British Muse-um.
Volume I: The Coins of the Sultans of Delhi in the British Museum, 1884;
Volume II: The Coins of the Muhammadan States of India in the British Museum, 1886;
Volume III: The Coins of the Greek and Scythic Kings of Bactria and India in the British Museum, 1886;
Volume IV: The Coins of the Moghul Emperors of Hindustan in the British Museum, 1892;
Volume V: Catalogue of the Coins of the Andhra Dynasty, the Western Ksatrapas, the Traikutaka Dynasty, and the "Bodhi" Dynasty, 1908;
Volume VI: Catalogue of the Coins of the Gupta Dynasties and of Sasanka, King of Guada, 1914;
Volume VII: Catalogue of the Coins of Ancient India, 1936;
(Initiated and edited by Reginald Stuart Poole; Series editors/authors: John Allan, Percy Gardner, Stanley Edward Lane-Poole, and Edward James Rapson). |
|
London |
British Museum |
BMC Roman
Empire
|
1923-
1962 |
Coins of the Roman Empire in the British Museum.
Volume I: Augustus to Vitellius, 1923 (1976: second edition);
Volume II: Vespasian to Domitian, 1930 (1976: second edition);
Volume III: Nerva to Hadrian, 1936 (1976: second edition);
Volume IV: Antoninus Pius to Commodus, 1940 (1968: second edition);
Volume V: Pertinax to Elagabalus, 1950 (1975: second edition);
Volume VI: Severus Alexander to Balbinus and Pupienus, 1962.
(Initiated and edited by Harold Mattingly; Series editors/authors: Robert Andrew Glendinning Carson, and Philip V. Hill). |
|
London |
British Museum |
BMC Roman
Medallions
|
1874 |
Roman Medallions in the British Museum. (Initiated and edited by Herbert Appold Grueber). |
|
London |
British Museum |
BMC Roman
Republic
|
1910-
1970 |
Coins of the Roman Republic in the British Museum.
Volume I: Aes Rude, Aes Signatum, Aes Grave, and Coinage of Rome from B.C. 268, 1910 (1970: second edition);
Volume II: Coinages of Rome (Continued), Roman Campania, Italy, The Social War and the Provinces, 1910 (1970: second edition);
Volume III: Tables of Finds and Cognomina, Indexes, Plates, etc., 1910 (1970: second edition).
(Initiated and edited by Herbert Appold Grueber; Series editors/ authors: Robert Andrew Glendinning Carson and Michael Hewson Crawford). |
|
London |
British Museum |
Burnett,
Andrew M. |
1986 |
The Iconography of Roman Coin Types in the Third Century BC. |
|
London |
Royal Numismatic Society |
Same Author
|
1987 |
Coinage in the Roman World. |
|
London |
Spink & Son |
Butcher,
Kevin |
1988 |
Roman Provincial Coins: An Introduction to the Greek Imperials. |
|
London |
Trafalgar Square |
Caccamo Caltabiano,
Maria |
2015 |
Lexicon Iconographicum Numismaticae: Progetto biennale. |
|
Reggio Calabria |
Falzea Editore |
Carson,
Robert A. G. |
1990 |
Coins of the Roman Empire. |
|
London |
Routledge |
Chattopadhyay,
Bhaskar |
1977 |
Coins and Icons: A Study of Myths and Symbols in Indian Numismatic Art. |
|
Calcutta |
Punthi Pustak |
Crawford,
Michael H. |
1974 |
Roman Republican Coinage (RRC). Volumes I-II. |
|
Cambridge |
Cambridge University Press |
Demougeot,
Émilienne |
1986 |
La symbolique du lion et du serpent sur les solidi des empéreurs d'occident de la première motié du Ve siècle. |
|
Revue numismatique, Series 6, Volu-me 28, 1986, pp. 94-118 |
Elkins,
Nathan T. and Stefan Krmnicek, eds. |
2014 |
'Art in the Round': New Approaches to Ancient Coin Ico-nography. University of Tübingen, Institut für Klassische Archäologie, International Workshop, 15-16 November 2012. Tübinger Archäologische Forschungen, Volume 16. |
|
Tübingen |
Verlag Marie Leidorf |
Failmezger,
Victor T. |
2002 |
Roman Bronze Coins: From Paganism to Christianity 294-364 A.D. |
|
Washington |
Ross & Perry |
Heuchert,
Volker |
2005 |
The Chronological Development of Roman Provin-cial Coin Iconography. In Howgego, Christopher, Volker Heuchert, and Andrew Burnett, eds., Coinage and Identity in the Roman Provinces, 2005, pp. 29-56. |
|
Oxford |
Oxford University Press |
Hill,
Philip V., Robert A. G. Carson, and John P. C. Kent |
1960 |
Late Roman Bronze Coinage, A.D. 324-498. Part 1. The Bronze Coinage of the House of Constantine, A.D. 324-346, Part 2. Bronze Roman Imperial Coinage of the Later Empire, A.D. 346-498. |
|
London |
Spink & Son |
Howgego,
Christopher |
1995 |
Ancient History from Coins. |
|
London |
Routledge |
Howgego,
Christopher, Volker Heuchert, and Andrew Burnett, eds. |
2005 |
Coinage and Identity in the Roman Provinces. |
|
Oxford |
Oxford University Press |
Imhoff-Blumer,
Friedrich and Otto Keller |
1889 |
Tier- und Pflanzenbilder auf Münzen und Gemmen des klassischen Altertums. |
|
Leipzig |
Verlag von B. G. Teubner |
Kent,
John P. C. |
1978 |
Roman Coins. |
|
New York |
Abrams |
Kerkeslager,
Allen |
2001 |
The Apophis Snake on a Coin of Domitian from Alex-andria (BMC Alexandria 348; RPC 2, 2756). |
|
The Numismatic Chronicle, Volume 161, 2001, pp. 287-290 |
Kraay,
Colin Mackennal |
1976 |
Archaic and Classical Greek Coins. |
|
London |
Methuen Publishing |
Kraay,
Colin Mackennal and Max Hirmer |
1966 |
Greek Coins. |
|
London |
Thames & Hudson |
| LIMC |
1981-
2009 |
Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae (LIMC). Volumes I-VIII. Indices. Supplementum. |
|
Zürich |
Artemis & Winkler Verlag |
Manders,
Erika |
2011 |
Communicating Messages through Coins: A New Approach to the Emperor Decius. In Jaarboek voor Munt- en Penningkunde, Volume 98, 2011, pp. 17-38. |
|
Amsterdam |
Koninklijk Nederlands Genootschap voor Munt- en Penningkunde |
Metcalf,
William E., ed. |
2012 |
The Oxford Handbook of Greek and Roman Coinage. |
|
New York |
Oxford University Press |
Mukherjee,
Chhanda |
1991 |
Gupta Numismatic Art: An Artistic and Iconographic Study. |
|
Delhi |
Agam Kala Prakashan |
Nousek,
Debra L. |
2008 |
Turning Points in Roman History: The Case of Caesar's Elephant Denarius. |
|
Phoenix, Volume 62, Number 3/4, Fall/Winter 2008, pp. 290-307 |
RIC
|
1923-
1994 |
The Roman Imperial Coinage. Volumes I-XIII. (Initiated by Carol Humphrey Vivian Sutherland and Harold Mattingly in 1923; Volume I revised in 1984). |
|
London |
Spink & Son |
Rowan,
Clare |
2019 |
From Caesar to Augustus (c. 49 BC - AD 14): Using Coins as Sources. |
|
Cambridge |
Cambridge University Press |
RPC
|
1992-
2006 |
Roman Provincial Coinage.
Volume I: From the Death of Caesar to the Death of Vitellius (44 BC - AD 69), 1992 (1998: Corrected reprint);
Volume II: From Vespasian to Domitian (AD 69-96), 1999;
Volume III: Nerva, Trajan and Hadrian (AD 96-138), 2015;
Volume VII: De Gordien Ier à Gordien III (238-244 après J.-C.), 1. Province d'Asie, 2006;
Volume IX: From Trajan Decius to Uranius Antoninus (AD 249-254), 2016;
Supplement 1, 1998.
(Initiated and edited by Andrew M. Burnett; Series editors/authors: Michel Amandry, Ian Carradice, Pere Pau Ripollès, and M. Spoerri Butcher; Ongoing collaborative publication). |
|
London/
Paris |
British Museum Press/Bibliothèque Nationale de France |
Thonemann,
Peter |
2015 |
The Hellenistic World: Using Coins as Sources. |
|
Cambridge |
Cambridge University Press |
Troncoso,
Víctor Alonso |
2018 |
The Animal Types on the Argead Coinage: Wilderness and Macedonia. In Howe, Timothy and Frances Pownall, eds., Ancient Macedonians in Greek and Roman Sources: From History to Historiography, 2018, pp. 137-162. |
|
Swansea |
Classical Press of Wales |
Vázquez Hoys,
Ana María |
1993 |
La serpiente en las monedas: Transmisión iconográfica de una antigua creencia. |
|
Espacio, Tiempo y Forma, Serie 2, Volume 6, 1993, pp. 59-98 |
Woods,
David |
2009 |
Caesar the Elephant against Juba the Snake. |
|
Numismatic Chronicle, Volume 169, 2009, pp. 189-192 |
Same Author
|
2018 |
Constantine I and a New Christian Golden Age: A Secretly Christian Reverse Type Identified? |
|
Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studi-es, Volume 58, Number 3, 2018, pp. 366-388 |
Note(s): (1) A minimalist approach is adopted for the descriptions of the bibliographic entries: in cases of multiple publishers or publishing locations, only the first entry from the full bibliographic description is listed. (2) In cases of modern reprints of important older works, the original publication is listed, with the information on the later edition(s), such as the date of reprint, publisher, and publishing location, placed inside parentheses. In cases of translated works, both the original and English versions are listed. (3) An idiosyncratic universal formatting of the English-language entries is employed: all nouns, pronouns, numerals, adjectives, verbs, adverbs, and some categories of determiners are capitalized. |
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