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The Ophidian Iconography Quest (Mundus Vetus & Mundus Novus, 2004 - present) |
| ● COMPENDIUM'S DATABASE ● |
| ◀ Figure 083 of 090 | ITALY: LOCATIONS | SET 001 | SET 002 | SET 003 | SET 004 | Figure 085 of 090 ▶ |
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| Figure EUR-ita-084. Alexei Alexeev and the east view of the Basilica di San Clemente al Laterano (Basilica of Saint Clement), a multi-tiered archaeological complex representing three major periods: (1) Roman Republican: the villa and warehouse (imperial mint?) that was destroyed in the Great Fire of 64 AD; (2) Roman Imperial/Early Christian: the home of a Roman nobleman, part of which had in the first century AD briefly served as an early church, and the basement of which had in the 100s AD briefly served as a mithraeum, converted to the basilica in the 300s AD; (3) Medieval (Papal States): the basilica built in 1099-1125 AD. The basilica's eponym, Pope Clement I (p. 88-99 AD) is considered to be the first Apostolic Father of the Church (i.e. believed to have personally known some of the Twelve Apostles, or to have been significantly influenced by them). According to tradition, he wrote the First Epistle of Clement, addressed to the church in Corinth (between 70 and 140 AD, possibly 96 AD), which was copied and widely read and is generally considered to be the oldest extant Christian epistle outside of the New Testament. Early succession lists name Clement as the first, second, or third successor of Saint Peter, the "Prince of the Apostles" and the First Bishop of Rome (p. 30-64/68 AD). Clement was imprisoned under the Roman Emperor Trajan (r. 98-117 AD), banished from Rome to the Crimean Chersonesus, port city in the Bosporan Kingdom, client state of the Roman Empire, during the reign of the king Sauromates I (Tiberius Julius Sauromates I Philocaesar Philoromaios Eusebes, r. 90-123 AD), and set to work in a stone quarry. There he performed a miracle of a lamb and a spring of fresh water, which led to the conversion of large numbers of the local pagans and his fellow prisoners to Christianity. For that Clement was executed by being tied to an anchor and thrown from a boat into the Black Sea. According to the legendary tradition, every year a miraculous ebbing of the sea revealed a divinely built shrine containing his bones. His relics were brought back to Rome by Saint Cyril, the "Apostle to the Slavs" (826-869 AD) and enshrined in the Basilica di San Clemente. Saint Cyril's remains are interred in a shrine-chapel within the Basilica as well. |
| Medium: | Category (Object): |
Artist/Workshop: | Historical/Art Period, Date: |
Location: | Monument: |
| Marble, brick, plaster |
Architectural complex |
East façade by Carlo Fontana (1634/38-1714 AD) | Roman Republican, first century BC/ Roman Imperial/ Early Christian, 300s AD/Medieval (Papal States), Pope Paschal II (p. 1099-1118 AD), 1099-1125 AD/ Late Italian Baroque (Papal States), Pope Clement XI (p. 1700-1721 AD), 1713-1719 AD; later additions and modifications |
Caelian Hill, Rome, Lazio, Central Italy |
Basilica di San Cle-mente al Laterano (Basilica of Saint Clement) |
| Source-Image(s): The image(s) is/are from Alexei Alexeev's personal photo archive (The First Italian Expedition, 29 March - 25 April 2015). All artefacts will be available for viewing in the Compendium's respective volumes after the completion of the fully integrated iconographic database. Some of the artefacts will be represented by several figures (offering a general view and details). |
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